Analysis of Cesarean Section Rates and its Indications Using Robson's Classification at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Manipur

Context: The World Health Organization proposed the Robson’s classification system as a global standard for assessing and comparing cesarean section (CS) rates within health-care facilities over time and between facilities. Aims: This study aims to assess the frequency and indications of CS and to identify the groups within the obstetric population contributing to CS using Robson’s classification. Settings and Design: A retrospective chart review was conducted in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Imphal, Manipur. Methods: All women who delivered between January and December 2019 were classified using the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System. The overall CS rate and the CS rate in each Robson’s group were calculated. The indications for CS were also recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, was used. Results: A total of 10,282 births were reported. The overall CS rate was 35.2%. Group 3 (multiparous women without previous CS in spontaneous labor) (27.6%) and Group 1 (nulliparous women in spontaneous labor) (23.7%) contributed to most of the obstetric populations. The majority of CS belonged to the women in Group 5 (multiparous women with previous lower segment CS) (11%), followed by Group 2 (nulliparous women with labor induced or prelabor CS) (8.6%) and Group 4 (multiparous women without previous CS were induced or taken for prelabor CS) (5.5%). Conclusions: The study revealed that Groups 5, 2, and 4 contributed to the high CS rate. Efforts to reduce the overall CS rate should be directed at increasing vaginal births after CS, performing effective pelvic examinations, and encouraging obstetricians to perform versions when indicated.

Management of diabetes in pregnancy in primary care

@#Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with risks to the woman and her developing fetus. Management of the condition at the primary care level includes pre-conception care, screening, diagnosis, as well as antenatal and postpartum care. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring its holistic management.

Comparison of semilunar coronally advanced flap alone and in combination with button technique in the treatment of Miller’s Class I and II gingival recessions: A pilot study.

Background: Gingival recession (GR) is one of the most common esthetic and functional concerns associated with periodontal disease. A variety of surgical procedures has been introduced to the field of cosmetic periodontology for the treatment of GR. Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical outcome of semilunar coronally advanced flap (SCAF) with and without button technique in the treatment of Miller’s Class I and II GRs. Study Design: A total of 12 subjects with bilateral single Miller’s Class I and II recession were selected for the study. Split mouth design was used. Materials and Methods: Surgical sites were randomly divided into test and control groups. In control sites, SCAF alone was done whereas in test site, a combination of SCAF and button technique was performed. The clinical parameters including GR, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and width of keratinized gingiva were recorded at baseline and 6 months postsurgery. Data so collected were put to statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis: Student’s t‑test was used to find significance of parameters between baseline and 6 months. For inter‑group comparisons paired t‑test was performed. Results: Statistically significant improvements were recorded in both groups from baseline to 6 months. Inter‑group comparison yielded statistically significant differences in GR and CAL in favor of test group. Conclusion: Combination of SCAF and button technique resulted in statistically significant improvements in clinical parameters as compared to SCAF alone. Future clinical studies with much larger sample size and longer follow‑up periods are warranted.

Association between asthma and chronic periodontitis: a clinical study

The aim of this study was to assess periodontal status of asthmatic patients and to find out association between asthma and chronic periodontitis. A total of 100 subjects were recruited for the study. The control group [n=50] included non-asthmatic subjects and patients suffering from asthma were included in test group [n=50]. The test group was further divided in to Group Tl [Mild asthmatic subjects] and Group T2 [Moderate to severe asthmatic subjects]. Clinical parameters i.e plaque index, calculus index, gingival index, clinical attachment level and papillary bleeding index of all the selected subjects were recorded. Unpaired t test and one sample t test were performed for group comparisons. Comparison of test group and control group yielded statistically significant differences [P=0.0001]. Mean difference of0.417 +/- 0.122, 0.602 +/- 0.249 and 0.926 +/- 0.195 was recorded in PI, CI and GI respectively. Statistically significant difference of2.096 +/- 0.486mm in CAL among two groups was recorded. Mean difference of 0.660 +/- 0.117 was observed in FBI. It was observed that with increase in severity of asthma, periodontal destruction also increased. From the results it can be concluded that asthma and chronic periodontitis are associated with each other. But future studies with larger sample size, confounder analysis and longitudinal follow ups will be necessary to explore the link between these two diseases

Association between erectile dysfunction and chronic periodontitis: A clinical study.

Background: In recent years, evidence has come forth supporting the notion that localized infectious diseases such as periodontal disease may indeed influence a number of systemic diseases. Erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic periodontitis have common risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac diseases and smoking etc. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the periodontal status of the subjects suffering from ED and to find association between vasculogenic ED and chronic periodontitis, if any. Study Design: A total of 53 subjects suffering from vasculogenic ED were enrolled for the study and were divided into three groups on the basis of severity of ED. Materials and Methods: The clinical (probing pocket depth) and radiographic parameters (alveolar bone loss) were recorded and periodontal status of three groups was evaluated, compared and an attempt was made to find an association between ED and chronic periodontitis. Karl Pearson’s correlation was used to assess an association between the two conditions. Statistical Analysis: One‑way ANOVA and Scheffe’s test were used to find the significant difference of chronic periodontitis with severity of ED. Karl Pearson’s correlation was used to find an association between chronic periodontitis and ED. Results: Statistically significant mean differences of 1.73 mm, 0.56 mm and 1.17 mm were recorded when comparison was made among Group I and III, Group I and II and Group II and III, respectively. Mean differences in bone loss among three groups were also statistically significant. Both the diseases were positively correlated to each other. Conclusion: It may be concluded that chronic periodontitis and ED are associated with each other. However, further large scale studies with confounder analysis and longitudinal follow‑up are warranted to explore the link between these two diseases.

In vitro antioxidant evaluation and total phenolics of methanolic leaf extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the methanolic leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (NA).@*METHODS@#The sample was tested using five in vitro antioxidant methods (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine radical scavenging activity (DPPH), hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (-OH), nitric oxide scavenging activity (NO), superoxide radical-scavenging activity, and total antioxidant activity) to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of NA and the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method). The extract showed good free radical scavenging property which was calculated as an IC50 value.@*RESULTS@#IC50 (Half maximal inhibitory concentration) of the methanolic extract was found to be 57.93 μg·mL(-1) for DPPH, 98.61 μg·mL(-1) for -OH, 91.74 μg·mL(-1) for NO, and 196.07 μg·mL(-1) for superoxide radical scavenging activity. Total antioxidant capacity of the extract was found to be (1198 ± 24.05) mg ascorbic acid for the methanolic extract. Free radical scavenging activity observed in the extracts of NA showed a concentration-dependent reaction. The in vitro scavenging tested for free radicals was reported to be due to high phenolic content in the leaf extract. The leaf extract of NA showed the highest total phenolic content with a value of 78.48 ± 4.2 equivalent mg TAE/g (tannic acid equivalent).@*CONCLUSIONS@#N. arbor-tristis leaf extract exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity. The finding suggests that N. arbor-tristis leaves could be a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Using a portable sulfide monitor as a motivational tool: A clinical study.

Aims and Objectives: Bad breath has a significant impact on daily life of those who suffer from it. Oral malodor may rank only behind dental caries and periodontal disease as the cause of patient's visit to dentist. An aim of this study was to use a portable sulfide monitor as a motivational tool for encouraging the patients towards the better oral hygiene by correlating the plaque scores with sulfide monitor scores, and comparing the sulfide monitor scores before and after complete prophylaxis and 3 months after patient motivation. Materials and Methods : 30 patients with chronic periodontitis, having chief complaint of oral malodor participated in this study. At first visit, the plaque scores (P1) and sulfide monitor scores before (BCR1) and after complete oral prophylaxis (BCR2) were taken. Then the patients were motivated towards the better oral hygiene. After 3 months, plaque scores (P2) and sulfide monitor scores (BCR3) were recorded again. Statistical Analysis: It was done using SPSS (student package software for statistical analysis). Paired sample test was performed. Results: Statistically significant reduction in sulfide monitor scores was reported after the complete oral prophylaxis and 3 months after patient motivation. Plaque scores were significantly reduced after a period of 3 months. Plaque scores and breathchecker scores were positively correlated. Conclusion : An intensity of the oral malodor was positively correlated with the plaque scores. The portable sulfide monitor was efficacious in motivating the patients towards the better oral hygiene.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Kutajghan vati - an Ayurvedic formulation

The present investigation focuses to determine the antimicrobial potential of an Ayurvedic formulation Kutajghan vati. In this study the activity of this formulation was compared with the standard antibiotics like Amikacin and Norfloxacin. Ethanol, methanol and acetone extract of Kutajghan vati demonstrated good antimicrobial activity and thus can form the basis for the development of a novel antibacterial formulation